Der Airline-Index (AAI) soll umweltbewussten Reisenden – das sollten eigentliche alle Business Traveller sein – helfen herauszufinden, mit welcher Fluggesellschaft sie noch am ehesten fliegen können. Ausschlaggebend für das Ranking ist die CO₂-Effizienz von Flügen, wobei atmosfair sich beim Ranking auf die CO₂-Emissionen pro Passagier und Flugkilometer bezieht.
Für den AAI 2024 hat das Team 34 Mio. Flüge ausgewertet, darunter 56.372 City Pairs – direkte Flugverbindungen zwischen zwei Städten –, 173 Flugzeugtypen und 563 Triebwerke.
Bei den deutschen Airlines Lufthansa, Condor und TUIfly stagniert dem AAI zufolge die CO₂-Effizienz gegenüber der Zeit vor der Coronapandemie. Die Lufthansa konnte sich zwar leicht verbessern, aber durchschnittlich weniger als die globale Branche. In der Folge sind die deutschen Fluggesellschaften zurückgefallen: Lufthansa von Platz 66 auf Platz 97 im aktuellen Ranking, Klasse F; Condor von Platz 9 auf Platz 35, Klasse D; TUIfly von Platz 4 auf Platz 14, Klasse C.
Wie der BDL kontert, hat die deutsche Luftverkehrswirtschaft für den Klimaschutz bereits im Jahr 2020 einen Masterplan mit Maßnahmen aufgestellt, mit deren Umsetzung sich klimafreundlicheres Fliegen erreichen lässt. Kurzfristig ist der größte Hebel für die Senkung der CO₂-Emissionen der Ersatz älterer Flugzeuge durch Modelle der neuesten Generation. Diese verbrauchen bis zu 25 % weniger des massiv klimaschädlichen Kerosins als ihre Vorgängermodelle. So ist der Durchschnittsverbrauch der deutschen Fluggesellschaften seit 1990 um 45 % auf 3,44 Liter pro Passagier und 100 km gesunken (Stand 2023). Im gleichen Maß sind die CO₂-Emissionen pro Passagier zurückgegangen.
Für das Jahr 2024 erwartet der BDL durch den fortlaufenden Ersatz älterer Flugzeuge durch treibstoffeffiziente Modelle der neuesten Generation sowie weitere Effizienzgewinne einen weiter zurückgehenden Durchschnittsverbrauch. Die neueste Flugzeuggeneration kommt auf Verbrauchswerte von 2,1 bis 2,5 Liter pro Passagier und 100 km.
Aktuell haben die deutschen Fluggesellschaften insgesamt 427 neue Flugzeuge zu einem Listenpreis von rund 74 Mrd. Euro bestellt, mit denen sie ältere Modelle ersetzen. Die Auslieferung soll bis ins Jahr 2034 erfolgen. Aufgrund der anhaltenden Lieferprobleme der Flugzeughersteller geht die Flottenerneuerung derzeit jedoch langsamer vonstatten als geplant.
Langfristig ist der Ersatz fossilen Kerosins durch nachhaltige Flugkraftstoffe (SAF) der entscheidende Hebel auf dem Weg zum CO₂-neutralen Fliegen. Mit ihren Haushaltsbeschlüssen im Rahmen des Klimatransformationsfonds hat die Bundesregierung jedoch Anfang 2024 die Förderung für den SAF-Markthochlauf drastisch reduziert. Anders als im Koalitionsvertrag vereinbart, wurde die Förderung für den Aufbau von Produktionsanlagen für strombasierte Flugkraftstoffe (Power-to-Liquid/PtL) in Deutschland von über 2 Mrd. Euro für die kommenden Jahre auf nur noch rund 100 Mio. Euro zusammengestrichen. Das ist ein herber Rückschlag auf dem Weg zum klimefreundlicheren Fliegen.
Die Original-Pressemeldung der Berliner atmosfair gGmbH:
Global passenger aviation falls short of Paris climate targets. In 2023, the first undistorted year after the pandemic, airlines worldwide improved their carbon efficiency by just under 6% compared to the pre-pandemic year of 2019. This corresponds to an average annual efficiency increase of 1.4%. However, with air traffic volumes continuing to grow, an annual efficiency improvement of around 4% would be necessary to meet the Paris climate targets and at least halt the rise in CO₂ -emissions. The recent progress falls short even of the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) target of a 2% annual CO₂ -efficiency increase. These findings are part of the new Airline Index (AAI) presented by the German climate NGO atmosfair for the UN Climate Conference in Baku.
"Air traffic has nearly returned to pre-pandemic levels," said Dietrich Brockhagen, Managing Director of atmosfair. "Unfortunately, the same cannot be said for climate efforts of the industry. Airlines have further reduced their efforts compared to the already weak pre-pandemic decade and are now falling short even of ICAO's inadequate targets."
In 2023, global aviation achieved passenger load factors exceeding 80%, almost matching 2019 levels. However, progress in fleet modernization and route optimization has slowed. While flight volumes have yet to return to pre-pandemic levels, resulting in CO₂ -emissions that remain about 10% below 2019 levels, the pace of climate-focused progress in aviation is insufficient.
"Climate turnaround in aviation is long overdue,” Brockhagen emphasized, “Our data on CO₂ _efficiency and projections for synthetic, CO₂-neutral fuels show the sector is acting too slowly on climate protection.” The Airline Index focuses on CO₂ -efficiency – emissions per passenger per kilometer – rather than absolute emissions, providing a more accurate measure of environmental impact independent of distortions caused by the pandemic.
New Aircrafts Boost Efficiency but Adoption Lags. The AAI highlights that newer aircraft models like the Boeing 737MAX-8, Airbus A350-1000, and A321neo consume less than 3.5 liters of kerosene per passenger per 100 kilometers on long-haul routes. These models set a higher benchmark for CO₂ -efficiency, thus, airlines with older fleets or minimal fleet upgrades perform poorly in the index. No airline has a fleet dominated by such new aircraft; consequently, none achieves the top efficiency class A. Only two airlines manage to reach class B, out of a total of seven efficiency classes (A–G).
Big airlines fall back
Some of the biggest airlines in their respective regions worldwide have merely stagnated in CO₂ -efficiency since the pandemic. This means that they fall back in the ranking, since the rest of the 2
industry at least improved carbon efficiency slightly. This is the case i.a. for Delta Airlines (USA), Lufthansa (Germany) and Air China, with Delta slipping from 45th to 87th place (class F), Lufthansa dropping from 66th to 97th place (class F), and Air China falling from 41st to 75th place (class F), respectively.
In contrast, LATAM, a Chilean-Brazilian airline, leads the major net carriers with a modern fleet and high load factors, achieving 82 out of 100 efficiency points and ranking 4th overall. Within the EU, Spanish airlines Iberia (12th place, 78 points) and Air Europa (18th place, 76 points) rank among the most efficient. Globally, 12 European and seven Chinese airlines are among the top 50 in CO₂ -efficiency.
Low Carbon Kerosene Remains Marginal. The Airline Index also takes into account the use of alternative aviation fuels, such as kerosene made from used cooking oil, which emits significantly less CO₂ than fossil kerosene. However, such alternative kerosene accounts for only about 1% of total kerosene consumption of an airline, limiting its impact. Only one airline improved its positioning in the overall ranking by two places through the use of bio-kerosene.
The ICAO’s CORSIA agreement allows airlines to offset growing CO₂ -emissions through external carbon offset projects. However, the aviation industry has yet to demonstrate how it will align with the Paris Agreement's goal of achieving carbon neutrality after 2050 by reducing its CO₂ -emissions.
Low-cost carriers are evaluated separately in the AAI because they often benefit from subsidies and convert these into low ticket prices, leading to more flight kilometers and associated emissions. While four low-cost airlines achieved efficiency class B, most fall into classes C and D.
Structure, Data, and Methodology of the AAI . The Atmosfair Airline Index evaluates the CO₂ -efficiency of more than the world's 200 largest airlines, covering around 92% of global aviation. The calculations are based on the most recent data available from the global aviation industry in 2023.
Airlines are awarded 0 to 100 efficiency points across short, medium, and long-haul routes, enabling passengers to choose the most climate-friendly options. Businesses with frequent travel needs can also leverage the index to reduce CO₂ -emissions and costs by selecting more efficient airlines.
The index bases its calculations on CO₂ -emissions per passenger kilometer, considering aircraft type, engines, winglet use, seating, cargo capacity, and flight utilization. Data sources include international organizations such as ICAO and IATA, as well as aviation industry services and engineering models.
The index reveals significant differences in fuel efficiency among airlines, with emissions per passenger kilometer varying by a factor of more than two for the same route. Airlines operating modern fleets optimized for specific routes, with high seat density and effective utilization, achieve the best results.
Global Agreements and Targets. To meet the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C target from 2015, global CO₂ -emissions must peak by 2030 and decline rapidly thereafter. However, air traffic is not directly regulated under the Paris Agreement. ICAO’s 2016 climate program, CORSIA, has begun its first phase in 2024, and the organization has set a goal of improving fuel efficiency by 2% annually at the 37th general assembly in 2010. Quelle: atmosfair gGmbH / BDL / DMM